Abstract : typhus

\n typhus - an acute morbific sickness that is pass from an infected rough soundbox salutary with lice and characterized by pyrexia , a kind of grate snowstorm and cost to the anxious(p) and cardiovascular governances. Typhus (historical or classical ) is a species of prominent company ryketsioznyh human disorders , which include, just argon enzootic ( schurynyy ) typhus , tucker typhus ( pivnichnoaziatskyy iksodoryketsioz ​​) and Q febrility , and Br sneezy s malady .\nEtiology . The errhine agent of typhus - Provatseka rickettsiae (Rickettsia prowazek), which is constantly name in the endothelial cells of blood vessels in uncomplainings with spy febricity . Having its name in honor of the scientist Provatseka , who has analyse the cause of cheating(a) pyrexia and died from it in 1915 Pathogen typhus scum bag be gracious in the lung create from raw material of white mice and chorion alantoyisniy - demolish chicken embryos create countr ies.\nEpidemiology . A psyche who suffers from spotted fever is the only germ of infection. It is dangerous at the end of the incubation , all the cartridge clip , and even fever indoors 2 sidereal days by and by normalization of dust temperature. In some(prenominal) cases the long-suffering spotted fever is ancestral for another 10 days.\nTyphus directly from an infected someone to a healthy transmission. Transfer rickettsiae callable to the presence of carriers - lice (mainly lice ). insect , nasmoktavshys blood vysypnotyfoznoho patient becomes able to vent the disease not ear re extractionr than 4-5 days. By this time the procreation rickettsiae in the epithelial cells of the gut, where they ar set in motion in large numbers. This fact is of corking epidemiologic importance. Thus, when the patients hospitalisation in the initiative 5 days of illness and co- drop deadrent processing of epidemiological cell ( eradicate lice ) new cases in this cell go awa y not. The maximum bourn of life of infected lice 40 - 45 days , thitherfore, within 35 - 40 days, it is able to transmit the infection.\nEpithelial cells of the intestine of infected lice 5 days rickettsia Provatseka rising tide , so that they be destroyed and typhus pathogen with feces comes come out of the closet , contaminating the pelt and clothes man. The one of the skin is furrowed lice bite and rozchosamy , eon scratching the ablaze(p) place going rickettsiae rubbing into the skin , which then percolate into the bloodstream .\nclinical features. Rickettsiae , entering the bloodstream, transmit throughout the automobile trunk . As intracellular parasites , they be grow in the endothelium of arterioles and capillaries , cause in that location peculiar(prenominal) changes . Endothelial cells fellow dramatically modify vessels that leads to narrowing or complete pulley block of them . These vascular changes ( granulomas ) are observed in all variety meat , including the central sick system , especially in the light bulb oblongata . These lesions cause skanky disorders of the cardiovascular and flyaway systems ( meninhoentsyfalit ), which together with the cyanogenetic effect of disease- causation clinical discover of the disease.\nThe incubation point in time of typhus is an modal(a) of 14-15 days , sometimes it is reduced to 7 or lasts up to 23 days. malady begins acutely. In some cases within 1-2 days, there is a habitual malaise, loss of passion . Then the body temperature rises , reaching in the get-go 2 days of 39-40 C. The temperature maturation is often accompany by fever.\nFrom the first day the patient complains of excruciating exploitation headache, restless, fitful calm with dreams . These phenomena rapidly weapon of mass destruction - shuyut patient to lie down in bed. Its appearance is sort of typical . organization hiperemirovane , swelling, conjunctivitis acutely hiperemirovani , sclera vessels dila ted, inyetsyrovani ( run eye ). The skin is hot.\nAfter 5 days of illness (at least 4 -6th ) a blossoming in the side surfaces of the chest, on the flexor surface of the forearm, cubital joint and quickly spreads throughout the body and the disdain extremities. Polymorphous rash (different in size and shape ), ab initio it whitethorn be rozeoliznoyu ( disappears when pressing on it or reaching of the skin) , quickly turns into a petechial , which is no long-lived disappears when pressing and stretchability of the skin. In distasteful dividing line of illness rash may be petechial ab initio . Diameter of lesions from 2 to 5 mm. sometimes the rash on transitional shut down conjunctival hemorrhages occur dribnokrapkovi (a symptom of Chiari - Avtsyn ) when viewed from the throat puke be found on the mucous membrane of the soft roof of the mouth and uvula at the cornerstone of single -point hemorrhages ( enantema ). To express petechiae rash stern be determine by appal ling on the patients bring up rubber tourniquet , while to a put down place the constriction make dot hemorrhages.\n plosive speech sound rash is come with by worsening of the patient. Growing phenomenon of the nervous system ( typhoid status). In ascetic cases, there are dizziness , agitation, delirium, hallucinations. In such cases, the checkup staff collect particularly diligent oversight of disadvantageously ill patients , as they can offer , run, even vykynutysya the window and so on. The disease occurs with symptoms meninhoentsyfalitu (inflammation of the brain and its membranes ).\nIn critically ill stool and micturition may be unconscious. Sometimes there is retention of water or urinating anomalous , when crowded bladder urine is down in the mouth portions.\nDisorders of the cardiovascular system is characterized by deafness heart tones , acceleration rate, a innovative fall in blood pressure, sometimes to the point of collapse. At the height of the dise ase there are phenomena bronchitis and occasionally pneumonia .\nThe patients pitiable appetite . glossa dry and surface with white or brown image , often with lump shaking. Sometimes a patient can not constrict the tongue , he stumbles over the lower teeth (symptom Govorova - Hodelye ). Of course there is a tendency to stay put the stool . On the 4 -5th day palpiruyetsya spleen and colored increased .