Power and the Group Meaning and Contex t in The Lottery...

Power and the Group: Meaning and Context in The Lottery There is power in any group consensus. As long as the group thinks as a group they gain authority and power over single voice. The group deflects the problems of the individual by diffusing responsibility thoughout its members. Diffusion of responsibility allows the group to think as an entity. Over time, the entity develops a set of mores. Mores within the group are very strong. The group takes on characteristics and functions as if it were possessed of individuals, but because its responsibility is to remain all knowing, all-powerful and obs equious. Claiming responsibility would in effect threaten the entity, so instead the entity threatens the individual†¦show more content†¦Later, when assembled for the drawing, the Watson boy, â€Å"Blinked his eyes nervously and ducked his head† (1875-76). In her description of the drawing, Jackson writes, â€Å"men were holding the small folded papers in their large hands, turning them over and over nervou sly† (1876). Finally our curiosity is piqued when, â€Å"a girl whispers, â€Å"I hope it’s not Nancy† (1879) and not knowing why, we too hope â€Å"it’s not Nancy.† Mr. Summers runs the Coal Company. He also â€Å"conducts† (1873) the lottery. Jackson reveals that Mr. Summers, â€Å"Had time and energy to devo te to civic duties† (1873). He has not children of his won, but he takes a fatherly tone and he conducts the lottery as if it were a game. He tells us about the history of the lottery, its icons, and how many alteration in its ritual have been made, recent ones to his advantage. Presented as asocial historian, Old Man Warner rebukes change when Mr. Adams says, â€Å"They do say, that over in the north village they’re talking of giving up the lottery†. Mrs. Adams adds, â€Å"Some places have already quit lotteries† (1877). Old Man Warner replies, â€Å"Pack of crazy fools, Listening to the young folks, nothing’s good enough for them. Next thing you know, they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work an y more, live that way foe a while†¦ There’s always been a lottery† ( 1877). He berates and castigates dissention as swiftly as a Gestapo

Prevention And Prevention Of A Parent - 2109 Words

There are simply no words that could truly express the feeling that you get when you finally see the baby that you have grown to love from inside the womb staring up at you. Overwhelmed, is a word I am sure many new mothers would say expresses all of their emotions into one. Becoming a parent is one of the most frightening, terrifying, paralyzing and yet most astounding, breath-taking, remarkable experiences any woman could be a part of. It is the hope of every parent that his or her child will grow to be healthy, strong, and flourish throughout their life time. Unfortunately this is not always the case, according to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) â€Å"About 1 in 6 children in the United States had a developmental disability in 2006-2008, ranging from mild disabilities such as speech and language impairments to serious developmental disabilities, such as intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, and autism.† Their have been a significant increases in developmental disorders such as autism, ADHD and overall developmental delays in the last century resulting in a roughly 17.1% increase. The findings of a child being diagnosed with a development disorder is one of the most strenuous, and troubling things parent(s) can hear. Before the 1900’s there was no way of knowing a child would be born with a genetic disorder until that children was born. Fortunately, in the mid-1970’s a procedure coined Amniocentesis was making a rise. 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Demographical Information Respondent is a 27- year old Hispanic woman who just had a baby daughter two months ago. She is married, and works as a waitress in a local taco shop with minimum wage. She said that she only finished 6th grade. She only works part-time, because they couldn’t afford a baby sitter. Her mother sometimes helps her with the baby because her husbandRead MoreSuicide Prevention Of The United States1269 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the depth of distress (Support After Suicide, 2015)† Identify and Detail the Suicide Prevention Issue Suicide prevention is something that sis taking the medical field by storm, Doctors, and psychiatrists are now coming up with prevention plans for their patients. One task force is called the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), this is a government task force that specializes in prevention health care. â€Å"Adolescence and old age are the times in life when suicide is most common. 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Change Speech Free Essays

Today I am here to talk to you about change, and a few different texts that have challenged my thinking and broadened my understanding of change. Change, we have all experienced it change at one stage of our life, for the better or maybe even for the worse. But change is a normal part of our life’s, and we have to deal with it the best we can. We will write a custom essay sample on Change Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now After studying these texts, Raw by Scott Monk, Andrew Denton’s interview with Aron Ralston, and the short storey the Final Game by Olivia Coleman. My understanding of change has broadened and i am now much more aware of people’s experiences and how they have overcome and dealt with change. Aron Ralston was a young mountaineer. While he was on a mountaineering trip through Blue John Canyon in Utah in April 2003, a boulder crushed his right arm, pinning it against the cliff wall. Aron did not inform anyone of his trip, so he knew that nobody would be searching for him. He spent five days slowly sipping his only small amount of water left, while trying to dislodge his arm. Assuming that he would die, he ran out of water and began to drink his own urine. He video tapped his last goodbyes to his family and friends with a little camcorder he had in his backpack. Aron, so sure that he would die now, carved his name and date of death into the cliff face. After surviving the fifth day, he decided that there was only one way out of here alive. He was forced to amputate his own arm. Using the chalkstone as a vice he managed to snap both bones in his arm. Then using a dull two dollar pocket knife he began to slice through the skin in his arm. Using a pair of pliers to twist and snap his tendon, it was a miracle he didn’t pass out from the pain and blood loss. Once free Aron had to make a 65foot rappel down a sheer drop, then hike seven miles out of the canyon in the hot midday sun to reach his car. After surviving all those odds, he was told he had a bone infection and only had a fifty – fifty percent chance to live. Luckily Aron survived the infection and made a full recovery and lives on with a prosthetic arm. Aron has gone on to design many attachments for not only his arm, but other handicapped people as well. ‘Between a Rock and a hard place’ was the book that Aron published to tell his story and share his experience with others. Aron has shown us that a extremely negative situation can change your life for the positive, and it has certainly changed his life. We see this during his interview on the show Enough Rope with Andrew Denton that his personality has changed; he has a greater sense of patience and has come to appreciate his friends and family more. Even with just one arm Aron says that he has a greater ability to tackle everyday situations and problems, because he knows that he can overcome anything that life throws at him. In another text Raw by Scott Monk, shows us that different people relate to change in different ways. Two characters in particular, Brett Dalton and Josh Collins. Josh is a young man that is open to change and we see this when he says â€Å"Sam doesn’t order me to do anything, He’s my friend, I live on his farm, I do what he says†. Sam is the owner of The Farm, and institute were troubled boys go to seek help in straightening out there life. Brett was sent to The Farm after committing several crimes against the law. There’s one problem though, Brett doesn’t want anything to do with The Farm, he doesn’t want to do what he’s told, he doesn’t care what anyone thinks, and he just doesn’t want to change. To make things worse he feels trapped and alienated from the other boys, and doesn’t fit in. Sam, the owner of the farm, puts up with Brett’s ‘shit’ for as long as he can. He knows that he can change Brett, and won’t give up until he does. Fortunately for Brett, the farm slowly changes his personality to a more positive and caring young man. He begins to fit in with most of the boys, but there will always be one or two that don’t like the way he acts. After some time on the farm Brett seemed to have turned his life around. But it was no happy ending for Brett, as the cops found him after someone dobbed him in for trespassing. Brett was going back to a jail thinking that all this was just a waste of time, but it wasn’t. He still had his friends that he’s made, and the lessons that he had learned along the way. Brett was given the chance to start again, a fresh start to do things right from the beginning. He had changed his own life, something he thought he could never do. Change doesn’t always have to be a positive thing, as shown in the short story by Olivia Coleman called The Final Game. The Final Game is a story about a young man that has a love for football and is very good at it. He is only ever referred to as ‘He’. The author has used this technique to show that ‘he’ can refer to any young man his age. Although he is extremely good at what he does, a serious knee injury is holding him back. Finding it hard to make friends and get selected for the top footy teams, he always things quite negatively about himself. To make things worse, he has a dream to one day couch a footy team, but his parents are only holding him back from this dream. We see this when his dad says â€Å"sorry mate we can’t afford it, you’re stuck here† and â€Å"that’s for wankers, decent blokes stay on the land†. This only creates more negative feelings within him. Until one night he couldn’t take it anymore and took off in his dads Ute. Speeding down the dark road, he lost control of the vehicle. He found himself dangling upside down from the seatbelt, he could feel his legs, and at that moment he realised that his life had changed forever. These three texts have challenged my thinking and broadened my understanding of change. They each show change from a different perspective. From Aron Ralston retelling his story of survival to â€Å"The Final Game† which showed that change might not always turn out positive. I hoped that you all learnt something from these texts, because I sure have. And I hoped you enjoyed my speech on change. How to cite Change Speech, Essay examples

Silas Marner is one of the greatest English Litera Essay Example For Students

Silas Marner is one of the greatest English Litera Essay turebooks of all time. Since being first published in 1861 ithas amazed and entertained audiences for years. It is abouta simple weaver tossed into situations that he neverimagined or prepared for, this is his story. The story starts out with Silas in the town of LanternYard and quickly moves to the part where he was blamedfor robbing a dead pastors body by his best friend WilliamDane. William accuses Silas of stealing the money forcinghim to leave. He then travels to the town of Raveloewhere he just starts off weaving and doing a better jobthan the people that have done it in the past. He then goesthrough many toils and trials that you will learn about asyou/I read on. A few of the main characters are Silas Marner,Mrs. Cass, Squire Cass, Godfrey Cass, Dunstan Cass, Mr. and Mrs.Osgood, Mr. Macey, Justice Malam, and ofcourse Ms. Nancy and Ms. Gunns. I think that Dunstan Cass was the protaganist in thisbook, at some parts he was a good guy at others he was abad guy. Like when Godfrey owed Silas money and had tosell his horse, Wildfire, Dunstan said he would do it forhim while Godfrey went to a party. But then Dunstan took wildfire for a ride, tried to jump a fence with her but shedidnt quite make.( she died) So then Godfrey had nothingto sell to pay Silas Marner back. The first main conflict was that Silas Marner was awell respected man in the town of Lantern Yard, until hewas betrayed by his best friend, William Dane. The storyis that the local pastor was very ill, so Silas and Williamtook turns watching him. One night Silas went into one ofhis spasms and when he woke up the pastor was deadwhile his friend should have been there at least two hoursago. He checked on the pastor and he had been dead for awhile because his body was very rigid, his money bag wasalso gone. He went to town the next day and found thatWilliam had told everyone that Silas had stolen the bag ofmoney and asked him to confess his sins. EventuallySilas gets fed up and leaves while William ends up withthe woman Silas was engaged to. The second main theme starts a little later in the book Anyway Godfrey Casts first wife, whom he has keptsecret from everyone because in those days it was veryhard to get a divorse and the church decided if thereshould be one, comes back to find the husband of herchild from the neighboring town. He married her because he got drunk, met her in a bar,and decided to get married. So she brings her child tomeet her father the night of the party, but is drunk so shefalls offthe road and dies. Her daughter is found by noneother than Silas Marner. He adopts her, names her Eppie,the name of his mother, and provides a shelter for her inhis home. Only Silas, Godfrey, and Ms. Nancy( whoGodfrey ends up marrying) know about this. I think George Elliot has a very unique style and haswritten many more wonderful books. I also think this is avery good book and would reccommend it to anyone thatlikes reading the older Literature. A Literary Review of Silas MarnerBy: Larry BaileyFreshman Honors English Mrs. Weber

Homeless Women Demographics and Interventions Essay Example

Homeless Women: Demographics and Interventions Essay Homeless Women: Demographics and Interventions Introduction Typically I only see men on the streets begging; however the number of homeless women is increasing, especially homeless women with children. In this paper I will focus on homeless women by defining this issue and discussing the demographics of the women. I will address the types of interventions that have been implemented to help homeless women. Then I will discuss what research still needs to be done concerning homeless women. Finally, I will suggest which social services and social policies should be considered for further intervention and how these suggestions support the core social work values. Characteristics and Demographics Homelessness can be defined as a person without a home. One cause of homelessness among women is domestic violence. Domestic violence within low income households has been reported as a primary cause of homelessness in women. Often times, women in low income housing who are a victim of domestic violence and find themselves with no where to go, do not have appropriate education or job skills to find employment. Other causes of homelessness can include mental illnesses, depression, and poor health (Chambers, 1999). These can lead to homelessness among women and restrict women in finding proper, affordable housing. The population of homeless women is made up of all ages, races, and ethnicities. Generally, most of the women come from low income households before they become homeless. An average homeless woman is about 35 years old with at least two children (Chambers, 1999). Living in shelters or on the street is hard enough alone, but when you have to take care of children at the same time it can make it even harder. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeless Women: Demographics and Interventions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Homeless Women: Demographics and Interventions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Homeless Women: Demographics and Interventions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Almost 58 percent of all homeless people are African American and 29 percent are Caucasian (Chambers, 1999). With the majority of homeless people being African American most homeless women are oppressed based on their race and gender. This does not help these women advance toward being able to afford appropriate housing because they are discriminated against. â€Å"[I]n the greater gender inequalities in wages in rural areas, where women workers make only 50% of men’s wages for comparable work† (Cummins, 1998). Females and minority races have been known to earn lesser wages than those of white males, which is discrimination and helps eep women in poverty and homeless. In a study comparing urban homeless women and rural homeless women, there were several similarities. A majority of the women had been involved in domestic assaults or family conflicts (Cummins, 1998). However, there were also differences. Urban homeless women were more likely to be substance abusers and th ey had more cases of mental illnesses. Rural homeless women had more cases of economic causes for becoming homeless (Cummins, 1998). Prevalence and Incidence The best estimate of how many homeless people there are comes from the United States Census Bureau. This number is 1,300,311, or 16. 7 percent of the total population. Out of this number, 597,038 of all homeless people are women (United States Census Bureau, 2000). It is hard to estimate the number of new cases every year because that number changes everyday. Women can go in and out of periods of homelessness through out the year, so it is hard to maintain a good estimate of who is actually homeless and who is not (United States Census Bureau, 2000). Private Troubles For homeless women there are several private troubles that they may experience. Private troubles, what the individual goes through while experiencing problems (Longres, 2000), for homeless women can include several things. Homelessness among women subjects them to dangers on the streets or can lead to habits such as prostitution and drugs. Having to care for children would be another private trouble that homeless women would experience. Not being able to provide the basic necessities for ones children and ones self can lead to depression and hopelessness. Public Issues Public issues, or how the society experiences problems (Longres, 2000), include various types of issues. One issue concerning the society is the amount of tax dollars going to programs to help the poor and homeless. Society would also be concerned with drug addictions that the homeless may have and worried about that bringing more drugs into the community. Also certain communities, typically major cities, would be worried about the stigma and reputation that homeless people create by sitting with signs at intersections or sleeping next to buildings. Transactional Perspective The transactional perspective suggests that people are embedded in their social context or environment (Longres, 2000). This can relate to homeless women by looking at how their private issues can be caused by their environment. If a woman’s environment consists of an abusive relationship, low income housing; only a high school education and no job skills she is at higher risk to becoming homeless. All of these things can lead to depression and other illnesses and eventually can help lead to homelessness. If a woman lives in such an environment, it more than likely can lead to a variety of negative private issues including homelessness. Interventions There have been several suggestions, organizations, policies and programs developed to help the homeless. However the most common strategies, which include shelters and government assistance, appear to only be short term or temporary and do not solve the issue. Although being temporary, shelters have been important in certain ways besides just being a place to sleep. Staff workers at shelters also helped the women with raising their self esteem and helped them to better deal with their emotions (Toohey, 2004). The workers at shelters helped the women’s emotional state at a critical time in their lives when they have no one else. Multiple-family groups (MFGs) were developed to help families who were homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The participating families were recommended to the MFG’s by their shelter case workers to attend weekly meetings. These groups also attended weekend retreats to help strengthen families and to encourage families to have fun together. The majority of families, 57 percent, were African American and 77 percent of the families consisted of single mothers with children. The staff of the retreat included several social workers. The weekend retreat had four areas that they concentrated on. These areas were, building trust, effective communication, managing stress, and decision making responsibilities. Overall, â€Å"[t]he weekend retreat appears to provide the necessary conditions from which social support can be built and an opportunity for families to reduce their feelings of isolation, anxiety, and helplessness† (Davey, 2004). This retreat helps families realize that they are not alone in their situation. It gives them hope and reassurance that they will be alright. Several of the families involved did not complete the full eight weeks of this program because they had found proper and affordable housing and moved (Davey, 2004). Another type of intervention or prevention that has been suggested is for women to use their social networks, which consist of family members and friends. It is suggested that the women should move in with friends and family members when they are struggling to prevent becoming homeless. However, in most cases, women who are poor and on the verge of homelessness do not have strong social networks to depend on. The most problematic difference between women who are homeless and housed may actually be that women who are homeless, and their network members, lack access to adequate and affordable housing. † (Toohey, 2004, p. 12). This states that if low economic statuses occur within one member of the network there is a large possibility that other members will not be able to help with housing because they do not have pro per shelter themselves. Further Research and Intervention Suggestions Eliminating the issue of homelessness throughout the world would be a good thing as would be eliminating every other problem. However, this feels impossible. I believe that the first step to solving any social problem is public awareness and knowing the facts. While trying to research the issue of homeless women, I found a very limited amount of information. Several journals claimed that homeless women are an increasing population, but there still has been little research concerning it. I believe that there should be more research about what is being done to help assist single homeless women, especially those with children. There are several laws and policies in place today that deal with homelessness. The government keeps saying that they want to help the poor, yet they keep taking away from funds that help assist the poor. There have been laws made against begging and sleeping on the streets (Lynch, 2002). If they have no home and all of the shelters are full, homeless people have no place to go to sleep except for a park or other public area. My suggestion would be for the government and the society as a whole to come together and help not only the homeless, but also everyone who is below or near the poverty line. We should come together to help make housing and food affordable to those who can not afford it. Without more affordable housing there will always be homeless people. We should have more programs to get the homeless employment and housing and empower them to do well for themselves and their families. We need to reach out as a community to help in any way that we can. We need to make poverty more visible, because it does exist whether we acknowledge it or not and many of our neighbors suffer everyday. Social Work Values These suggestions support social work values in the sense that they are interested in helping others. Two values that these suggestions relate to directly are service and social justice. The service value addresses helping people who face problems and the social justice value is concerned with social change concerning oppressed groups (Longres, 2000). Social work values concentrate on helping people in need at critical times in their lives, just like the suggestions I have made above. Conclusion The growing population of homeless women is becoming a concern among researchers. Defining the characteristics of a homeless woman can vary among all races and ages. Main reasons why homeless women exist consist of domestic violence, mental illnesses, and eviction. There are some interventions in place that help prevent and end homelessness among women, but there is still work to be done. There also needs to be more research invested into this social problem and stronger interventions. Finally, social work values go in hand with how we need to treat the homeless population as a whole and individually. References Chambers, S.. (1999). How any person on the street can help a street person. [Electronic Version] The Humanist, 59, 21-26. Retrieved November 5th, 2005, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Cummins, L. K. , First R. J. , and Toomey B. G.. (1998). Comparisons of rural and urban homeless women. Electronic Version] Affilia Journal of Women and Social Work, 13, 435-450. Retrieved November 15th, 2005, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Davey, T. L. (2004). A multiple-family group intervention for homeless families: the weekend retreat. (practice forum). [Electronic Version] Health and Social Work, 29, 326-330. Retrieved November 17th, 2005, from Inf oTrac OneFile database. Longres, J. F. (2000). Human Behavior in the Social Environment. Itasca, Illinois: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc. Lynch, P. (2002). Begging for change: homelessness and the law. [Electronic Version], Melbourne University Law Review, 26, 690-707. Retrieved October 31st, 2005, from InfoTrac OneFile database. Toohey, S. M. , Shinn M. , Weitzman B. C. (2004). Social networks and homelessness among women heads of household.. [Electronic Version] American Journal of Community Psychology, 33, 7-21. Retrieved November 5th, 2005, from InfoTrac OneFile database. United States Census Bureau, (2000). Qt-p12. Group Quarters Population by Sex, Age, and Type of Group Quarters:2000. Retrieved November 13th, 2005, from U. S. Census Bureau: American Fact Finder Web site: http://factfinder. census. gov. Retrieved November 14th, 2005.

Psychological Human Behavior essays

Psychological Human Behavior essays Psychology is the very important perspective for human nature. It is very much important for the individual environment. Psychology is very much a product of the Western tradition. Whereas a new psychology of the year 2000 contains both the eastern as well as the Western tradition (Frey, 04/06). Psychologist self-concept attitudes. Its related to Psyche means call a persons self concepts it includes what a person perceives from the persons the integrate part of human mind motion connected to those with bodily concepts. It however reflects true relationship with the mind-body concept. ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation. (Primis, 119). Major perspectives in Now, whats the concept of psychoanalysis is also a psychology at this point includes psychoanalysis, humanism and sociobiology. very important perspective. As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. (Frey, 04/06). It is, in addition, a method for learning about the mind, and also a theory, a way of understanding the processes of normal everyday mental functioning and the stages of normal development from infancy to old age. (psychology.com). Furthermore, since psychoanalysis seeks to explain how the human mind works, it contributes insight into whatever the human mind produces.(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst. Many of his insights into the human mind, which seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century, are now widely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. Although others before and during his time had begun to recognize the role of unconscious mental understanding its importance. Although his ideas met with antagonism and resistance, Freud believed ...

Comair's information systems and information technology Essay

Comair's information systems and information technology - Essay Example In this section I will present a brief overview of the Comair. This company is a regional airline carrier based in the US. This is very well reputable Air Line Company that consists of nearly 7000 airline professionals who, collectively, manage and operate more than 1100 daily flights carrying 30000 passengers. Throughout its history, Comair has been an award winning leader in the regional carrier industry (Case Study). Conair is running the AirCrews operations and scheduling throughout a legacy system. This system is just about 2 decades old. There are lots of predicaments linked with this system on the subject of management of the on the whole organizational operations. Comair has an expected implementation of the new SABRE software package in the end of the 2005, but currently Comair was still using the SBS legacy system, now divided into two modules so that pilot schedule changes and flight attendant schedule changes each have monthly limit of 32,000. Comair is also monitoring the volume of transactions more carefully (Case Study).. The main problem is regarding the handling of this system. This system is developed in FORTRAN in 1950s. As a result the basic working of this system is console based. There are also problems regarding the better user interface and working facilities of this system. Next main problem that has emerged is SBS legacy system capacity of the transaction handling. This system is developed to handle pilot schedule changes and flight attendant schedule changes to a monthly limit of 32,000. The business of the Comair is emerging day by day. The need and capacity of the transaction handling of the Comair requires more effective a big capacity system of the handling of future enlargements. This system was fully crashed on 25th due to overall processing of the changes. This problem happened due to the 32,768 changes in a month. This problem has really affected the organizational overall profit and lot of flights has canceled (Case

Western Civilizations History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Western Civilizations History - Research Paper Example Einstein explained the probability of sustained nuclear reaction which could have been made with the end result being a possible powerful bomb. Einstein went ahead to explain that these bombs, after their manufacture and when they are ready for use could be transported by ships even with a remote possibility that they could possibly be transported by planes. From the same understanding, Einstein made it clear that it was possible that Germany had already thought of this possibility and were probably thinking about starting production. This idea that Germany could be in production stage was arrived at after it was observed that they had suspended the uranium export that they had previously engaged in so as to use it to manufacture atomic bombs1. This kind of warning was taken seriously by the Roosevelt administration such that within one month, a research committee was constituted. A nuclear program was then introduced by the US under the guidance of Army Corps in the year 1942. This was in a bid to build a weapon before either Japan or Germany had the idea materialized into something lethal before America had their own systems of attack ready. In May of the same year, the president signed the authorization to develop a secret project that would bring about the development of a nuclear weapon. This project was said to be one of the largest projects ever carried out by the United States government. The engineers that were responsible for its construction were given a name that would not suggest the real agenda behind their secret discovery. They were therefore named the Manhattan Engineering District which was later to be referred to as the Manhattan Project. There was a corresponding British company that had the same agenda and they were called the Tube Alloys and it was incorporated to facilitate the development of this new discovery2. The discovery went on underground and the first major development was the manufacture of an atomic bomb in Los Alamos in New Me xico. The site was chiefly disguised as a school and the site produced two bombs whereby one was used to detonate plutonium and the other one was a weapon that resembled a gun in its features. Then there came the relevant search for a test site that would not draw much attention to the enemies. The site chosen was that which had scarce population in Alamogordo and it was given the code name trinity. July 16 of the year 1945 was when the detonation was carried out of the first ever atomic bomb. There was a crater created by the explosion that was more or less equivalent to nearly an amount of TNT close to 20, 000 tons. The Manhattan project managed to facilitate the production of three major bombs. The first one was given the name Gadget, still to avoid landing on the ears of the spies from the enemy countries. The Gadget was also used for test purposes but due to large expenses observed in further testing as the expenses would firmly reduce the rates of production; there were no fur ther unnecessary tests to be done. The two remaining atomic bombs were packed and made ready for Hiroshima and Nagasaki3. A plane that was specifically designed to carry one huge bomb left the Tinian air base on the sixth day of August in the year 1945 at around 2: 45 am. The bomb that was carried in this plane was set to change the course of history for decades to come. The simple plane that carried one simple cargo piece was bound for Hiroshima to facilitate a retaliatory attack and was set to drop the cargo in just about five hours from the departure time. Enola Gay, which was the name of the plane, carried the first bomb of this kind to be used in an area of such magnitude and population. The second such bomb was dropped about five days later. This one was majorly

Services and Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Services and Relationship Marketing - Essay Example Additionally, services could be seen as peripheral activities designed to boost the delivery of a core product, for instance, provision of a courtesy car. Service as an organization involves the entire business or not-for- profit structure that resides within the service sector (Buttle 1996). The Origin of Service Marketing Service marketing was founded upon the basic concepts of marketing. Its advancement over the years has been associated with the philosophy of customer orientation. A marketing orientation is bound to position the customer at the middle of the purposes and activity. Numerous organizations and companies have manifested philosophy, which argue that customers are the kings and that everything that is done in organizations or companies is inclusive of customers’ preference (Machtynger et al 200). Essentially, philosophy in marketing orientation concentrates more on ensuring that customers are well looked after, and that they are fully satisfied in the context of competitive assistance whereas at the same time ensuring that the assistance remains money-making. Customer reaching philosophy has dictated marketing activity throughout its history (Egan 2008). Concept Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing is the process in which relational exchanges are acknowledged, developed, sustained and terminated with the purpose of boosting performance. Relationship marketing has been perceived as a new phenomenon in the province of marketing (Baron et al 2010). The initiation of mass marketing and mass production has surrounded the idea of Relationship Marketing for a period of time. There has been stern competition, erosion of brand loyalty, unethical wars on prices in various organizations and companies. Moreover, relationship marketing has...Relationship marketing primarily aims at building closer relationships with customers in order to overcome challenges such as obtaining global competitive advantage, dealing with rapid changes in technolog y and reducing time to market new products. Relationship marketing is vital in accordance to the pros and cons involved in the engagement and sustainability of exchange relationships. Through relationship marketing, there are more returns for companies or organizations that engage themselves with existing customers and increase the loyalty of the customers than it is to make an effort of attracting new customers. Hence, relationship marketing emphasize that exchange relationships are ongoing over the lifetime of the relationship. Relationship marketing has been used by competitive marketing as a functional way of enlarging business performance. According to Gilmore 2003, relationship marketing is characterized as the identification, establishment, maintenance, and enlargement, modification, and execution of relationships with customers, a situation that results to value for customers and profit for the organization by various relational exchanges that have both past and the future.

The Effects And Importance Of Work

The Effects And Importance Of Work Work is at the root of a meaningful life, the path to individual independence, and a necessity for human survival and flourishing. It is also the distinctive means by which men concretize their identity as rational, goal-directed beings. Edward W. Younkins. Discuss. Work has a common human practice since the beginning of civilizations. It is the secret behind social progress and the defining characteristic of man. Work as we see it, is a virtue and a necessity. In times of uncertainty, interdependence and market economy, the individual has to rely on his work to ensure his own well-being. Work provides the individual with the ability to be independent, to flourish, to develop, and most importantly, to find a meaning to life. Definition of work This paper is centered on Edward W. Younkins definition of work. An individuals work creates private property and a person owns himself and therefore has property in the free use of his time, abilities, and efforts. Work requires the expenditure of time and energy. Man is in control of his time and energy when he voluntarily and constructively works. Control of ones time and energy both reflects the meaning of freedom and constitutes the means by which a person exercises his freedom. A little girl in one of the corners of the world who goes to the kindergarten and learns how to count, draw, sing or write, is working. An adult, who goes to his/her job every day from 8 to 4 oclock and gets remunerated for that, is working. Work has different dimensions such as work for making a living and work for developing ones talent and potential. Thus what the little girl does is one dimension of work, because instead of staying home to only eat and sleep, she is actually doing activities which are improving her as an individual. On the other hand, the man who has a job and devotes a lot of time and energy towards is a concretization of work for pay. Through his work, he is producing wealth which he can later use to pursue his goals. Thus, based on the age, circumstances, needs and desires of individuals, work takes different shapes. It is important for the individual to see work as a mean towards achieving ones goals. Work provides individuals with the medium to realize most of their aspirations. Therefore, it is an important tool for forming the individual and the community as a whole, since we are all interconnected with each other. We produce and benefit from our work and that of another individual whose work might have an influence upon us. For instance a farmer who works his land does so by using a tractor which was produced in a fabric thanks to the work of other people. Work as part of a meaningful life Work is an essential tool through which individuals can achieve their goals, flourish and have a meaningful life. It is not at the root of a meaningful life but is an inseparable part of it. According to Younkins meaningful life is interconnected with reason, productive work, goal achievement, human flourishing and happiness. Since productiveness is one of the most important elements of a meaningful life an individual should work in order to be productive. Productive work on the other hand is the process by which we can control our existence by acquiring knowledge and translating our ideas and values into physical form. Thus, it is through work that we can actualize our abilities and desires, and give meaning to our existence. Work is important because it helps us shape our personal identity. It is also the building brick of the community. In order to lead a meaningful life, we have to be rational human-beings who choose work as an undisputable way of flourishing our lives. For insta nce, if we take into consideration the labor market and the people who get paid for their work, we can say that they can sustain themselves, their families and maybe have enough wealth left to spend on entertainment. These people give meaning to their existence and shape their life based on the work they do. Work organizes your life, gives you a reason to wake up in the morning and makes you understand the importance of other things in your life. It will be mentioned later that work is a central purpose in peoples life but not the only one. You can get tired and frustrated from your work, but at the moment when you gather around the Christmas tree you will have been able to afford a present for your children and can cherish upon a glass of wine with your wife. Work gives you the freedom to chose, freedom to have the things you need and desire. Work as a path to individual independence Independence means to actualize your existence by your own means. Work provides individuals with the necessary means to sustain themselves both economically and socially, provides the freedom to be part of a society. It is through work that we establish ourselves as a woman or a man. If you work, you produce wealth which only you have possession of and nobody else does. People live through their choices. Everyone by natural law has the liberty to do whatever he or she wants as long as it does not interfere with the others liberty. For instance, Tom might chose to spend a quiet and peaceful summer at home or go on vacation. At the same time, Anna decides to do to a work and travel program and spend the same amount of time working. In the beginning of the next academic year, Tom has to ask his family to provide the money for everything whereas Anna can do so on his own. At this point, the Anna has developed as an independent individual who can pursue her goals through her own means. She actualizes her own existence by her own work. To work is to spend time and energy in producing something, instead of lying on the beach and enjoying the sun. According to Younkins It is in work that we can find the foundations of profit, property and corporations all can be justified in terms of the perfection of the human being. Therefore, through work we produce material values which we have possession of and can use it according to our aspirations. When you are a capable grown up person and by free will you choose not to work, then somebody else will have to produce wealth for you. At this point it is not you who own the wealth but the person who gives it to you, who indirectly owns and controls your desires and needs as well. For instance, it is Annas choice whether she can buy an expensive concert ticket, but it depends on Toms parents to decide whether to give him money to do so. Eventually, work smoothes the path towards individual independency. Work as a necessity for human survival and flourishing Flourishing is a synthesis of personal development and change towards perfection. These two factors require effort and persistence. Therefore, work is a necessity towards human flourishing because it contributes to our self formation, development and to the creation of material values. Through work we can be productive and create material values. The material values you need to survive and flourish must be produced. If you are not producing these values, then you can only attempt to survive and flourish by passing this responsibility onto someone else. When we work we produce material values which help us survive and flourish. We should be the ones working and creating the material values in order to flourish because if someone else does is not us flourishing but them. It is true that the society we live in today has created the possibility of a division-of-labor which means that everyone is being productive in a different and specialized way. The individuals, who distort this balance of producing and enjoying the benefits, by profiting without working, do not flourish. If an individual does not contribute to the production process, he is like a parasite which just profits from others without doing anything. Moreover, what if the society does not provide us with what we need? What if we want to develop as special and unique people, should we still rely on the outside world and wait? Through different stages of the human society, human beings have discovered and developed numerous facilities which make our life easier than ever. If you need to travel somewhere far, your solution is only a click away. Buying a ticket, reserving a hotel room, setting an appointment are all easy things you can do as long as you can afford them. However, if you wish to become a pianist, there is no professor who can teach you play beautifully if you do not spend time practicing every day. They can teach you the theoretical background, but not the skills. Work is an inseparable part of the human experience and people are what they do for a living. Your profession is part of your identity, whether you are a doctor, a journalist or a professor. All these terms are used to identify people of certain occupations, interests and lifestyle. When you are a baby, your parents are supposed to work and provide you with the necessary things. At the moment when you become capable of supporting yourself, you should do so by working. Work as a virtue of rationality According to Younkins, rationality is a primary virtue and it involves full focus, commitment to reality, and the constant expansion of ones knowledge. Rationality is one of the most important attributes of human beings, which distinguishes us from other species. Therefore, by choosing to work as a way to pursue our goals, we are actualizing the principle of rationality. Professor White explains that rationality is a virtue based on two elements: free will and reason. While free will is the deliberate choice of the individual to persist with rationality, reason is the solution the humans have in order to overcome physical and natural limitations. Therefore, rationality is important only if it is concretized. Going back to the element of reason we should stress on the fact that most of the things we are using today are product of reason. For instance heaters, fridges, vacuum cleaners and hundreds of other examples are products of reason which improve and ease our existence. In this re gard, work is the only viable tool to concretize rationality. For instance, a reasonable person would choose to work today and use the accumulated wealth to entertain oneself later. An unreasonable person might prefer to lie on the beach and enjoy the present. It sounds fun in the short-term, but it is impossible in the long one, since the resources at your disposal are limited and one day you will eventually have to work to generate some income in order to afford your expenditures. Moreover, the dynamics of the business world we live in accentuate the unquestionable need for work. Other aspects of work Up to now we have discussed work as a virtue and its importance. As a matter of fact, one should also take into consideration the way people approach work. Human beings differ in terms of many characteristics such as intelligence, talents, academic levels etc. Therefore, depending on human potential and the specific working environment, work can be equally beneficial to the human flourishing or demeaning. For instance, prostitution, gambling, and drug dealing constitute work as you get a kind of numeration for the service you provide and in a way you can pursue your goals. The money you get out of these kinds of work can help you afford your daily activities. Still, this money becomes useless at the moment when it neither contributes to the human flourishing, nor is the basis of a meaningful life. Work should be the key to human survival and flourishing, and not to the degradation of the individual and his moral values. If you sell your body to make money, you do not own it anymore. It becomes an asset for other people to use. Somebody who gambles plays with the risk of having nothing at the end, puts all his/her effort on luck rather than reason and work. When you base your human survival on drug dealing, you risk being caught up in a hierarchy of influences you cannot control, since the business is illegal. There is no basis for safety. Money and habits are the factors that decide on your life. On the other hand, no matter how honest, working from dawn to sunset does not help much for your life flourishing either. Workaholics, the people whose only purpose in life is work, impinge themselves from other activities. Work should be a central purpose in your life but not the only one, because you risk missing the numerous opportunities of flourishing as a human being. A central purpose should not be ones only purpose in life. A central purpose brings order to ones values, however it must be exercised in a way consistent with ones other values. Productive work is not an end-in-itself, but a means to flourishing. If one pursues productive work to the exclusion of everything else in ones life, so that it becomes ones only purpose in life, this will undermine ones flourishing. If we further elaborate on the concept of work and all its elements we might say that even decent work, such as an accounting job in a consulting company might turn out not contributive to the human flourishing. If you happen to hate your job, dont let it make your life miserable, but try improving your work environment or find more ways to make it more creative and interesting. The bottom line of work is to provide for the necessary means to the human flourishing and not to make it miserable. However, the fast pace business world we live in today is full of opportunities on one hand and on the other hand sometimes we dont have much of a choice. Therefore, if you can not find another job from which you can get satisfaction you should try to give a purpose to your actual job and find satisfaction in what you are doing. At the end of the day if we dont try to meliorate our life, no one will.

Gertrude Stein Essay -- Biography Essays

Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein is one of the most celebrated authors and patrons of the arts. She encouraged, influenced and aided many literary and artistic figures through her support, investment and writings. Stein was born on February 3, 1874 into upper middle class surroundings in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. When she was 3 years old the family moved to Vienna and then on to Paris before returning to America in late 1878. Gertrude and her brother Leo became very close although he was two years her senior. They found like interests and became devoted allies through much of their early lives. Stein was eight years old when she made her first attempt at writing. Reading became an obsession for her beginning with Shakespeare and books on natural history.[2] In school she was fascinated with the structuring of sentences. She once said, â€Å""I suppose other things may be more exciting to others...I like the feeling the everlasting feeling of sentences as they diagram themselves.[3]" In 1904 she moved in with her brother Leo at 27 Rue de Fleurus which would become the meeting place of many writers, artists, critics and people drawn by her reputation. Her brother and she also began collecting paintings by Renoir, Gaughain, Picasso (who later painted her portrait), Cezanne, Baraque, Matisse and others[4]. The â€Å"Salon,† as their home came to be called, had paintings literally covering every wall. They had dinner parties every Saturday night and the â€Å"Salon† became a sanctuary for artists and writers. It became so popular that Stein had to begin writing late at night after all the other guests had departed. Her literary and artistic judgments were revered, and her chance remarks could make or destroy reputations.[5] A... ...bdominal pains which would be diagnosed as colon cancer a few months later. She was rushed to the hospital on July 19, 1946 and made her will on the 23rd leaving the bulk of her estate to Alice. On the 27th before being wheeled into emergency surgery her last words were spoken to Alice. "What is the answer? ...without a reply, "In that case...what is the question[11]?" [1] Gertrude Stein-brief biography, http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stein-bio.html 2 The World of Gertrude Stein, http://ellensplace.net/gstein5.html [3] Ibid [4] Ibid [5] Gertrude Stein-brief biography, http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stein-bio.html [6] The World of Gertrude Stein, http://ellensplace.net/gstein5. [7] Ibid [8] Ibid [9] Ibid [10] Gertrude Stein-brief biography, http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stein-bio.html [11] Ibid

Outline and evaluate research into the effects of deprivation Essay

In the 1950’s Robertson (on behalf of Bowlby) carried out observations of 49 children aged 1-4 over a two-year period of children separated from their main caregiver(s) due to hospitalisation or being placed in a residential nursery because their main caregiver had to be hospitalised. Findings reliably showed that the effects of deprivation pass through three distinct stages: the immediate response to separation is ‘protest’ followed by despair and then followed by detachment. In the protest the child cries and is unable to be comforted by caregivers with which an attachment has not been formed. In the despair stage the child eventually becomes calmer but is uninterested in others and no longer searches for the caregiver with which an attachment has been formed. In the detachment the child appears to be coping well nevertheless the child tends to treat others all in a similar superficial manner. Furthermore if the attachment-figure returns the ‘abandoned’ child behaves in a very detached manner towards the main caregiver often ignoring or rejecting their ‘advances’. (AO1) Robertson’s research reliably showed the effects of deprivation over a two-year period. Nevertheless this research used an opportunity sample which was very small consequently it may lack external validity in that it may mean that the findings cannot be generalised to situations other than hospitals or residential nurseries nor situations involving reasons for separation other than hospitalisation of the child or main caregiver. However because this study was a naturalistic observation of children experiencing real deprivation in a real-life situation the study might well have high external validity in that the research situation does represent real life. Nevertheless whilst a naturalistic observational method may well be high in terms of external validity it often lacks internal validity as the researcher makes no attempt to control variables and therefore Robertson may not be measuring what he claims to measure – i.e. the effects of separation – but, instead may be measuring the effects of something else – such as the child’s reaction to being placed in a very unfamiliar environment. (AO2) Bowlby (1946) carried out a retrospective study on 88 children that had been referred to his psychiatric clinic because they were suffering psychological disturbances. Half of these children showed delinquent behaviour in that they had a criminal record for theft and 14 of these ‘thieves’ displayed an ‘affectionless’ personality the other 44 children were emotionally disturbed children but did not show delinquent behaviour. When Bowlby investigated the children’s life histories he found that 17 of the 44 children in the ‘delinquent group’ had experienced separation/deprivation from their mothers for more than 6 months during the first four years of life, whereas only 2 in the ’emotionally disturbed group had experienced this. Bowlby concluded that maternal deprivation played the major role in causing delinquency in later life. This appears to suggest that early separations may well be related to later emotional maladjustment. (AO1) However a number of criticisms can be aimed at Bowlby’s research, for example:Â  The data on separation were collected retrospectively and may not be reliable or valid. (AO2)Â  Even though only two of the non-delinquent group had suffered deprivation all were suffering from psychological disturbances suggesting that deprivation does have negative effects on development; however many children experience deprivation and do not suffer and long-term serious psychological problems suggesting that it is not as ‘clear cut’ as Bowlby is suggesting. (AO2) Bowlby’s sample was biased in that all of the children in the sample were maladjusted in some way and therefore is not representative and probably not generalisable to children who are not maladjusted in some way. The sample is also too small to be representative of the population. (AO2)Â  Bowlby makes the assumption that maternal deprivation was the major cause of maladjustment when it could have been due to many other factors, for example, being placed in strange and frightening environments, lack of attention from any potential caregiver, etc. (AO2) Bowlby’s research may well have been biased as he was employed to do such research by the World Health Organisation for political purposes. That is Bowlby’s work was used to support governments eager to encourage women to return to the home and leave the workplace after World War II. In reaction to this, feminists cited anthropological research from around the world to show that sole care by the mother was a recent Western invention. They also point out that in cultures where the mother was not the main caregiver or played little if any role in care-giving the children were not maladapted and grew up to be socialised, well-adjusted adults. (AO2)

Combating Poverty Essays

Combating Poverty Essays Combating Poverty Essay Combating Poverty Essay This the portion that our 40th president was confused.This existent non films President Reagan. President Reagan try to work out our poorness by coming up with this program called the Reaganomics this was suppose to repair our economic inequality, racial inequality, wellness inequality Aboriginal issues peace and justness. Well he blew that theory when he tells the narrative about Cadillac ensconced Chicago public assistance queen who had 80 names 30 frocks 12 societal security cards.Reagonomics and the hapless. Biotechnologies policies called for broad dispersed revenue enhancement cuts, diminish societal disbursement, to increase of the military disbursement and the deregulating of domestic market.1981 the increasing feminisation of poorness cuts income support and other societal plans, disaproportionately affected women.1983 that s when I drop out of college the biotechnologies affected the college support.He cut support to increase military disbursement. I was non able to happen a occupation for months all summer plans was cut. Liberals point of position three things he tried to do ketchup a veggie, he flooded the state with ruddy ink he was average spirit to the hapless for eight old ages. Oppression the cardinal unfairness modern liberalism. Plato and Aristotle believed in natural hierarchy of intervention, as captivity and denial of citizenship, equity or equal rights subjugation did non become of import subject in political doctrine until the coming of liberalism and the thought than worlds are approximately morally equal. It is a clearly modern impression that people are in some sense or other equal to each other The equality thesis has been given assorted theological. Philosophic and morale readings and justification by different minds. Possibly the most amazing of all. Grace said she answer to her power to assist let go of laden hapless of enduring from poorness homeless childs and adult females from all racial groups. The battle against national subjugation and for full equality in the United States is portion and of the worldwide radical battle against imperialism. The of laden nationalities for echt equality in the United States is non a battle of â€Å"minorities, † instead, it is portion of the radical battle of the bulk of the universe s people in the 3rd universe to emancipate themselves from imperialism Theo s. national memorials designation with state release in the 3rd universe can be seen in the solidarity of Asiatic Americans with the Vietnamese during the Vietnam War, the African Liberation Solidarity and anti-apartheid motions among African Americans, support for Cuba and other release motions in Latin America, particularly Mexico, among Latinos and of class support the Palestinians and other Arabs in the United States. Merely as the radical nature of the battles of laden states and people around the universe do non depend on propertyless leading of those battles, neither does the objectively radical nature of the national motions in the United States require of these motions either working category leading or a socialist ori entation. Since monopoly capitalist economy is built on both national subjugation and the development of the working category, triumphs in the battle against national subjugation are blows against the imperialist system. Imperialism is used here to include both monopoly capitalist economy and besides the imperialist system. Imperialism is used to include both monopoly capitalist economy and besides the imperialist and colonialist policies of Europe and United States during their pr-monopoly times. Merely socialism can emancipate the multitudes of laden nationalities in the United States. Merely the working category can give radical leading to the national motions. History of the United States is one of uninterrupted aggression and subjugation of laden nationalities in the United States. The Reconstruction ( 1865-1877 ) , which brought some additions for African Americans, was a clip of continued conquering of Native Americans, the intensification of the anti-Chinese motion and the ictus of Mexican land. Constructing a strategic confederation of the national motions and the working category to subvert imperialism and set up socialism. A Law Against Poverty Quebec New Approach To Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion. On December 13, 2002, the State assembly in Quebec nem con adopted a jurisprudence to â€Å"combat poorness and societal exclusion Bill is a model jurisprudence that includes a National Strategy to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion, a fund to back up societal enterprises, an â€Å"Observatory, † and an Advisory Committee on the Prevention of Poverty and Social Exclusion. This new jurisprudence is alone in North America, and it constitutes a important political invention, if merely because it makes poorness decrease an explicit and cardinal policy precedence. The measure is besides the consequence of a singular procedure of corporate action and public deliberation. This background was written while the anti-poverty jurisprudence was still before the National Assembly. It is hence excessively early for thorough rating of the undertaking. Quebec s societal policy docket farther from that of its neighbours and closer to the preoccupations of European states. A jurisprudence drafted. When the Party Quebecois came to power in September 1994, its societal and economic aims reflected the party s traditional social-Democrat orientations. Job creative activity was the chief aim to be accomplished intercession in a coaction of societal spouses, that is via 8th oftripartism affecting concerns trade brotherhood and the province. Toward its bosom the new Broad authorities in Ottawa was emphasized more traditional of disbursement in break encouraging state and municipalities to take part to take part alongside it. Almost instantly Quebec community groups and societal histrions sought to broaden docket. The most accurate industry to do this point was bred-year-old Mark from Montreal and Quebec organized and June 1995 by the Quebec adult females s Federation the March responded to the infracturethem with its ain accent substructure, and it does importance of complementing occupation creative activity was implicit attempt to cut down poorness at adult females in peculiar. The call for better societal substructure in intellectually greater acknowledgment that societal economic include assorted steps commiting this outgrowth of . Attempts on poorness brought to full patient that was the wellness and vicinities and communities they had small topographic point on the public policy and more significantly it to happen a nucleus issue around which brought porous the bubble prevarications. It hence by the community sector with the possibility of developers home societal accomplishments, non incompatible with, but distinct from that of the brotherhoods sniffed as of this new revelations and it s divergency from eight tripartite theoretical account, you can obvious in 1996. Quebec s authorities coming to come is on economic system and run it designed to construct nsensus for larning the shortage for the first clip community is besides groups were invited as full spouses. They adapted a matter-of-fact moderate stance. They argued that any call for a coney and the state of the shortage must be balanced by public commission non to decline the state of affairs of the poorest fifth of the population governor responded the bound committedness promise in three old ages of support to battle poorness financed by a particular revenue enhancement on concerns that I come our poorness any definite. On the docket moreover it ) in believable correlativity in favour of new policies had coalesced in addition acknowledgment by authorities alliance now has 22 groups or federations as members including all the major brotherhood federations stewed associations and groups working on house and allow her see human rights international development. Regional collectives have besides been created all of that and compromising more than 5000 groups from all sectors including many mixable authoritiess to roll up the work on two foreparts. First they circulate a request in favour of a jurisprudence on a restriction of five by the terminal of 2008 choice 21,307 signatures. Second and more significantly it launched ambitious procedure of roll uping corporate action public deliberation it from preliminary, it launched ambitious procedure up to action public deliberation. A audacity version of a path that was circulated in 1990 and 1999 generated over 20,000 remarks in 5000 Jackson s. They were used to cut down 2nd version was so began to concentrate on more than 200 popular literary session. Easily lead to a 3rd and concluding bill of exchange measure, which was ratified by assembly of more than 2000 individuals on May 13, 2008 province collected work with attorneies, so that this measure would be written precisely as any bill of exchange statute law presented in the national assembly. So possibly one twenty-four hours a new president will seek to modify the same jurisprudence that Quebec is traveling to battle party. Gary Cooper

Silver Water by Amy Bloom Essay Example

Silver Water by Amy Bloom Essay Example Silver Water by Amy Bloom Paper Silver Water by Amy Bloom Paper Literary Analysis of â€Å"Silver Water† In Amy Bloom’s short story, â€Å"Silver Water†, Violet, the youngest daughter describes the effects that the mental illness of her older sister Rose has on her and her family. She recalls the struggles with finding a suitable therapists, hospitals, as well as the rollercoaster ordeal of coming to some sort of wellness in her sister, only to have her slip back into debilitating mental illness. (74). In order to bring the reader closer to the experience of mental illness, Amy Bloom uses a first person narrative to show us the pain of having a loved one with mental illness. Using the voice of Violet, the reader sees how mental illness changes her big sister Rose, and the effect on the family. Being two years younger, Violet idolized Rose,† my beautiful defender, my guide to Tampax, and my mother’s moods.† (72)In this statement, Bloom illustrates how much admiration the narrator has for her big sister.Rose was blond and beautiful with a voice that could make â€Å"Jesus come off the cross and clap (73). Here again, Bloom uses beautiful symbolism and imagery to describe Violet’s reverence for Rose. At the age of 15, mental illness sets upon Rose, and she spends the next ten years in many different hospitals, with many different therapists. The best being Dr. Thorne, who refers to Violet as, â€Å"No One’s Nut, which summed up both my sanity and loneliness’ (74). Here we get a glimpse into how Violet feels on the inside. Rose’s mental health improved under Dr. Thorne and she even joined a black church choir.Although she’d have her episodes here and there, she had people who would help her steer the ship back right. After Dr. Thorne died, Rose stopped taking her meds and was kicked out of her halfway house.

Asian American Observer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asian American Observer - Essay Example After reading the Asian America Observer (2012), a reader will get the impression that gender inequality is a pressing issue in Asian American culture. The newspaper features many articles about women and gender issues and this shows that they are most prevalent in the Asian American community. Apparently, women have it tough in acquiring descent job opportunities because of gender privileges. These privileges offer men more opportunities than it tends to for women. Asian American Observer has provided a good understanding of the social issues in Asian American culture as well as the current events that affect Asian Americans. The observer has included several publications that show the community has more social issues relating to gender and women than any other culture. This is seen as a good effort in creating awareness about this community as individuals will understand the culture better therefore make great contributions in bringing about change (Asian America Observer, 2012). A sense of racial solidarity has been noted in the Asian culture since they have a family orientation in the Asian American community. This matter however does not hide the fact that social issues regarding gender and women are prevalent in Asian American culture. ... Men are also more likely to get well paying jobs in high civil positions. There is a stereotype in the Asian American culture where men are believed to be more productive than women. Men will therefore receive more challenging responsibilities compared to women in the work environment. The observer has shown how gender privileges put women at a huge disadvantage as they are left to compete for the degrading and poor paying jobs (Asian America Observer, 2012). They tend to suffer as they are forced to labour under poor conditions. It has also been noticed that men are more likely to benefit from programmes developed for employees in the work environment compared to women. This shows there is limited access of women to training as well as preparation for other opportunities in the place of work. The event had an aim of raising Asian American cultural sensitivity to ensure women are not sidelined at work and should benefit from opportunities that arise in the work place as much as men d o. It is believed that gender equality will offer opportunities to both men and women therefore make better contribution towards team effort. The current event aimed at moving towards the development of Asian America as a community. It stated clear goals and objectives that would contribute in empowering members of the community, especially women. It had been noted that Asian Americans from Philippines, China, Korea and Japan used to work in farm plantations as most of them lacked formal education. The event had an aim of bringing together all Asian Americans so that they can educate individuals who are in the community as well as outside to make Asian Americans realize the real meaning of their culture. This would help

Why should not the city of Houston issue a bond for 2 million dollar Essay

Why should not the city of Houston issue a bond for 2 million dollar - Essay Example dollar bond wherein investors can be bondholders so that they can pay the city coupons of interest from the two million dollars, making a profit for the city of Houston. To make a profit as an alternative source of capital is just one advantage of issuing bonds. Aside from that, bonds can be used as Leverage; the coupons that are usually paid every three, six, or twelve months are a flexible way to make payments easier by making less payments fit the situation. Also, there is an option to create a fixed interest rate that is unaffected by changes. Aside from being a benefit, there are also some risks and challenges when issuing bonds. Bonds are a form of debt. These debts are financial risks that leave the issuer (in this case, the city of Houston) payment obligations that are enforced by the law. They have to make these payments no matter what financial state they may be in. Compared to shares that may not be paid when it the issuer lacks money, these bonds can create financial problems for the issuer. There is also a refinancing risk wherein the issuer would need to get capital once bonds mature. This might be a problem if interest rates have been increasing, causing the issuer to possibly refinance at a higher rate. The large bullet payment of the principal at a bond’s maturity is a possibly large amount that may be difficult to pay if the principal payment is delayed. The administrative cost of handling the transactions can also be a burden, unlike a loan wherein the details are confidential; bond issuers have to d isclose some details to the public as requirements by the CMD and other regulatory authorities. Bonds are also treated and taxed as income to the shareholder. To keep the bond attractive to bondholders, the issuer has to compensate for the taxes. These are the reasons why Houston should not issue bonds. It is a risk and requires planning and manpower. The administrative cost has to be prepared before issuing the bonds; there has to be a failsafe

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example These can offer the employees a strong establishment for the aim of attaining a competitive edge (Enrensal, 2006, p.17). A career is termed as an individual’s occupation that deals with how an individual earns his or her living. Career management encompasses the process where people invest their resources for the aim of achieving career objectives (VonHippel et al, 2000, p.102). Career management is not a one day undertaking but rather a long-term process that is vital for the adaptation of the evolving demands of the 21st century’s economy. Various economic changes taking place in the economy tend to have a great impact on the income distributions and employment opportunities available in the world. During career management sessions, employees are trained on the adoption of suitable beliefs, attitudes, and values that fit in today’s job environment. Career advice given to individuals assists in changing their working behaviors as well as to help them in self dis covery in order to meet the needs of employers who are highly influenced by effects of globalization (Grey, 2002, p.445). Worldwide competition, technological change, and adjustments in consumer preferences have greatly impacted on the quality and the type of employment available thus necessitating the need for organizations to embark on career management practices. Career management therefore takes two forms; can either be conducted at an organizational level or at an individual level. In todays market settings competition and the cost economics presents a lot of insecurities in the job market. On the other hand competition and evolution industries are opening a surfeit of opportunities for the people to select from (Personal Career management, 2012). New job openings and associated threats results in the job market becoming extremely unpredictable. In this type of uncertain environment, it is eventually the role of an individual to make his or her own decisions on what to pursue f or the preferred career. The individual ambitions attached to the upcoming business developments are used to shape up the individual career options. An organization in this case can try and support the career aspirations of an individual; if at all the career is falling in line with the goals of the organization. Thus with the notion of careers in the contemporary world, an individual is required to adjust the way careers were viewed traditionally. A job is no longer a mere means of getting money but rather should be looked at as a means of acquiring knowledge. As much as the individual is working on meeting the objectives of the company, he or she is also making strengthening his or her skill for the aim career development (Alagse, 2012). Career management is termed as the initial responsibility of any individual. Pursuing of the preferred career by an individual is a long process where he endlessly gets to learn things pertaining to his personality, purpose, interests and abilitie s. It calls for rigor and much focus at each and every step of career management. This particular person must incessantly review his or her assignments and try to come up with alternative outlook of the job, which assists in enriching an individual’s experience. An interrupted relook at the current job and the organization that an individual is serving alongside the available opportunities in the outside world will enable an individual

Library essay Essay Example for Free

Library essay Essay In this day in age, libraries are very important. There are various reasons as to why they are important. Even with many libraries closing throughout the country, they remain a necessity for youth, anyone who has to access information that it has to find on the internet. Not everything is available on the internet. There is also digital libraries which are useful but you can’t find everything you would in a library. There are something’s on the internet that when you find them it may require you to have a subscription. The internet doesn’t have an experiment librarian’s physically by your side to help at any time you would need it. One of the big reasons why libraries are important is that not everything is available to you on the internet. It is an issue because the majority of books have copyrights laws which prevents information from being put out on the internet, or becoming digital. Most writers have their information in books, and with the copyrights laws it cannot be accessed via the internet. Even if the internet has some information that you may need, having a physical book with dated information can be a much better use for getting the most information that you need. Also they have a limited database that may require you to have a subscription to find a greater deal of the content online, rather than having it all for free at a physical library with more extensive information. Another reason why libraries are important is that it is a place where people can go to study. At the library you have plenty of space to get your work done. Also there isn’t as much as a distraction due to the library having strict rules against loud noise. Most people find it hard to get stuff done when there is a lot of things going on around them; or when the things that are going on around them are loud. Having a piece of mind is something that a library can provide that nowhere else can with all the resources inside to get done whatever task you may need to complete. Having a physical librarian available also is why libraries are important. A physical librarian will always be there to answer any questions one might have about a topic. It also makes it easier to continue to process the information that one might already have with extra assistance on the topic. Librarians are also critical to help children who may have never been to a library, or they might not know how to look for things within a library. They teach kids the skills of how to do research, search for topics, look at the wide range of databases that only libraries have. Librarians also encourage children to read, something that is a positive thing to have when kids today don’t like to read. Having them there to encourage them makes it easier. Having the ability to take books out to use for free is a positive for libraries. The fact that libraries don’t charge you anything to check out books makes libraries very important. For those who can’t buy books from a bookstore or other source, going to a library to borrow one saves them money. At libraries you can also make copies of certain pages that you need instead of taking the whole book with you. This makes it easy for people who don’t need the whole book but instead just pieces of info out of it. The convenient nature that a library has to offer makes it very important. Money is a topic that everyone is conscious about, and having to pay for subscriptions to some content online makes having libraries around a necessity. Another reason why libraries are important is because they offer free internet. Having a tool like the internet being free for use draws people to use libraries. Most people who have laptops or desktop computers have to pay for their high speed internet service, or be lucky to find Wi-Fi service without paying for it. Knowing that a library has free internet you can go there and take advantage of that and the resources that a library has to offer. You have people who go to the library just because of the free internet. While others utilize the free service and other tools libraries have to offer. Also libraries are important because they are courses on skills that can help you in the real world. Libraries have many courses available for use to people who may need them. Some of the things they offer are help with English, resume building skills for those who may be entering the job force. If English isn’t your native language they have courses that can help you develop the ability to speak English. You might need help with creative writing which is also something that libraries have to offer. All of these services are free of charge as long as you have a simple library card on hand with you. Libraries also offer readings groups. Some may call them study groups, but the reading groups the library has to offer also makes it important. You might be a person who prefers to study with a group of your friends to better understand the topic. Or you might like groups because of the interaction of people sharing their different perspectives on the subjects they talk about. It’s almost like a group meeting. Having the ability to set a time, while already knowing the exact place where you will meet up with your peers to discussion any you want. With the library being a relaxing environment because the of the strict noise rules it you piece of mind and the opportunity to have these meetings without be distracted by outside issues. Another extraction that makes libraries important is that some of them exactly offer cafes. These cafes are something that is growing worldwide. With the addition of places like Starbucks, having cafes in libraries gives people another alternative if they don’t like coffee. At the library cafes you can enjoy what the library has to offer. Some libraries have the ability to offer music books that you can use to follow along, or use them to study to your advantage. Also there are DVD’s that are available at literary for those who like to visually learn about whatever topic they choose. It creates a place that keeps those who go relax while they get done what they need. It could be finishing up a school assignment, or getting a project done for work that requires some research to be done. Libraries also offer an extensive collection of historical items whether it’s local or nationally. If you’re looking to know about your city at a certain point of time, a library has the best source best. You can check out a book that will tell you where a building was located, and what they did in that building. You can find out the change in population that your city has had as the times changes. You can also find that buildings in those times were more structures sound than the buildings of this age. Nationally libraries keep records of everything like climate changes, and the amount of colleges and universities that the country has. You could never go wrong when searching for a book in the library about local or national news. Libraries databases are so extensive that they can brings up information from years ago. This is something that you will not be able to find anywhere also but a library. Libraries offer a huge amount of study space. Having a huge amount of study space is something most people enjoy. You have the freedom of a big table where you can lay everything you have in front of you. Rather than being in at a tight desk where you might be able to have one piece of information on the table. Having more on the table keeps you from searching all over for that one page or book that might be missing. This is something that will allow for librarians to better help you as well because they can join you at the table to discuss your topic. Having two people at one table working on the same subject always helps get a task done. All of these reasons are largely why libraries are important. It’s something free that everybody can that advantage of. You can’t find what a library has to offer anywhere else. It’s doesn’t matter what age you are, at the library there something for all age groups to do. Closing down these libraries is a decision that should not happen. It is important to today’s youth for these libraries to stay open because they benefit the most from libraries being open. Closing them would simply say that today’s youth is not a top priority to worry about.

Analysis of the Retail Industry in India

Analysis of the Retail Industry in India Many changes have occurred in the marketing environment in recent years. Undoubtedly, the marketing environment will continue to evolve and change, often in very significant ways, in the coming years. Shifts in consumer behavior, competitive strategies, government regulations or other aspects of the marketing environment can profoundly affect the fortunes of a retail sector. Besides these external forces, the industries may engage in a variety of activities and changes in strategic focus or direction that may necessitate minor or major adjustments. The research aim is to highlight the current situation of the Indian Retail Industry as well as to provide facts and figures regarding the probable loopholes and the scope for augmentation. During the recent years of globalization, economies in Asia and the Pacific grew rapidly until the current global economic and financial crisis appeared in mid-2007. This acceleration of growth, in which international trade has played an important role, has helped Asian and Pacific countries to make impressive strides in economic development (ESCAP, 2009). At the same time, empirical evidence suggests that in some supply-constrained larger economies in Asia and the Pacific, such as China, India and Indonesia, wealth through trade has been accompanied by rise in inequality. The basic aim of the paper would be to analyze the retail industry in India and to understand the issues prevailing in this industry and the future prospective of the retail industry. The aim of the paper would be to answer the following research questions; Is Indian retail industry sustainable? How does the Indian retail industry compete with the industries all around the World? Is the retail industry more beneficial than other industries in India? Does the involvement of government in this industry is satisfactory? What improvements could be made in the Indian retail industry ? The Literature Review Like some other retail industries the Indian industry is divided in two sectors i.e. organised and unorganized one. The organised portion deals with the trading activities practiced while possessing licenses and having registrations for sales and income tax. This division includes corporate backed hypermarkets and retail chains and the privately owned large retail businesses. Secondly, the unorganized one who practices traditional style of low-cost retailing like grocery stores named as Kiriana Stores, general stores, Paan / Beedi shops, convince stores, hand carts and pavement, vendors, etc. Moreover, the traditional markets are preparing to adopt new designs like departmental stores, specialty stores and supermarkets. The Indian retail sector is greatly split with 97 % of its being executed by the unorganized retailers like the traditional family run stores and corner stores. The organized retail however is at a very embryonic stage although efforts are being made to boost its share. The sector is the largest source of employment after agriculture, and has deep penetration into rural India generating more than 10 % of Indias GDP. The fact of Chinas retail sector becoming saturated, international retailers considers India as the last retailing frontier left. Though, the Indian Government restrictions on the FDI are creating uncertainties among the international players like Walmart, Tesco and many other retail giants struggling to enter Indian markets. As of now the Government has allowed only 51 per cent FDI in the sector to one-brand shops like Nike, Reebok etc. Therefore, other international players are taking alternative ways to pierce the Indian retail market indirectly via strategic licensing agreement, franchisee agreement and cash and carry wholesale trading (since 100 per cent FDI is allowed in wholesale trading). The structure of Indian retail is emerging swiftly with shopping malls becoming increasingly common in the large cities and development plans being projected at 150 new shopping malls by 2008. However, the traditional formats like hawkers, grocers and tobacconist shops continue to co-exist with the modern formats of retailing. Modern retailing has helped the companies to increase the consumption of their products for example: Indian consumers would normally consume the rice sold at the nearby kiranas viz. Kolam for daily use. With the introduction of organized retail, it has been noticed that the sale of Basmati rice has gone up by four times than it was a few years back; as a superior quality rice (Basmati) is now available at almost the same price as the normal rice at a local kirana. Thus, the way a product is displayed and promoted influences its sales. If the consumption continues to grow this way it can be said that the local market would go through a metamorphoses of a change and the local stores would soon become the things of the past or restricted to last minute unplanned buying. Research Methodology Introduction This section spells out the procedures and the methods that the researcher can employ in achieving the objectives of the project so highlighted in the abstract of this paper. It defines location of the study, research procedures and analysis plan that would be put in consideration when carrying out this particular research. The research is supposed to start with the clear understanding of the research objectives as well as the hypothesis. Success of the project will depend on the provision of satisfying information in line with the objectives and hypothesis (Myers, 2002). The objective of the research just as a recap is to identify the effective mechanisms risk exposure and fÑ–nà Ã‚ °ncÑ–Ã Ã‚ °l policy considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets used in order to gain the competitive. It is important to note here that this research was mainly based on the questionnaire even though other research methodologies were briefly discussed. Sample questionnaire used is as shown in the appendices. Research methodology is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the data. It is a strategy or blueprint that plans the action for carrying through the research project data. A research design involves a series of rational decision-making choices depending upon the various options available to the researchers. Broadly it is composed of different elements like: the purpose of the study, the unit of analysis, time dimension, mode of observation, sampling design, observation tools, data processing, and data analysis. Mainly two techniques of research, Qualitative and quantitative are utilized. Though both of the methods have their own significance, the use of exploratory quantitative research design for this study appears to be appropriate. Research Design Research is an endless effort for truth. It certainly bring to light new knowledge or corrects previous errors and misconceptions and adds to the existing body of knowledge in an orderly manner. The research was aimed at highlighting the significance of branding for an organization and to evaluate the importance being given at pizza hut setup. This part deals with procedure adopted to conduct the study. The researcher had to depend on the related literature and structured questionnaires. Descriptive data were typically collected through a questionnaire survey, an interview or observation. Primary research. Primary research is the collection of data that does not exist. This can be through numerous forms: including questionnaires, telephone conversations, surveys, etc. As pertained to this project, the primary sources would likely be the risk exposure and fÑ–nà Ã‚ °ncÑ–Ã Ã‚ °l policy considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets. The major merit with conducting primary research is that it accurate. However, the disadvantage of primary research is that it may be time consuming, as it involves dealing with people from various regions, the human sources may only become resourceful out of their own willingness, and this may take them quit sometimes before making up their minds to tell you what they know or give you their side stories about your questions (Focardi Fabozzi, 1998). Secondary research on the other hand is the collection of existing data, that is, in contrast to primary research. For example: research on experiments or specific subjects. The merit of secondary research is that its not time consuming however a disadvantage is that the information retrieved may not be relevant. Data Collection In research studies, the source of data is two-fold. Data comes from the inner world of libraries as well as from the outer world of human being. It is either the shelved data or it is the data acquired live from the people involved in the study. This research being in the marketing, and the prime subject of the study is retail sector, the researcher aims to collect data mainly from the respondents. After considering the various methods of data collection such as ethnographic style, survey, experimental style, and narrative enquiry, a questionnaire survey was chosen as it allows the collection of highest opinions within the time span of the project as well as the fact that the results could be accurately mapped and correlated to provide quantitative information. Choice of research philosophy Another aspect that is of great significance in this research would be the research strategy. Its the research strategy shows which methods a researcher adapts to answer the research objectives or questions. There are types of research strategies that can be employed in conducting a research study. These include experiments, case studies, survey, theoretical perspectives, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. It is imperative to examine some of these strategies while paying particular attention to the case study method which will be applied in this particular research. Survey is another important research strategy that has was popular in conducting this research. Surveys allow the collection of a large amount of data from a large population .This implies that the researcher can conduct surveys and question specific groups of people to obtain large amount of information relevant to the subject of the survey. The data is usually collected from the people either via questionnaire or orally. The purpose of the survey was to establish and analyze views of respondents in order to find what they think about particular situation, case or statement. However, despite the fact that the views from a large number of respondents can be gathered through the survey strategy, the data obtained may not all reflect to the objective of the research at depth (Kendrick, 2009). Case study is a research strategy which involves investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon in the real life situation using multiple sources of evidence. More elaborate explanation on the nature of the case study as a research strategy was given by Frenkel, Hommel, Dufey Markus, (2005). in whose view case study represents a specific way of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data. Grounded theory represents a strategy which posits that the data is collected through observations and compared to various theoretical frameworks in order to discover which of the data is the most appropriate. This leads the researcher into making predictions about the studied phenomena prior to putting the findings into test. However, the aim of grounded theory is to make studied data records well-developed and understood and to verify relationships between the findings and the case study in question (Frenkel, Hommel, Dufey Markus, 2005). Questionnaires This research was mainly carried out by the use of a questionnaire. The questionnaire enabled the information to be gathered from many respondents who were directly involved in risk exposure and fÑ–nà Ã‚ °ncÑ–Ã Ã‚ °l policy considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets. Use of a questionnaire as a quantitative method for collecting data from the sources is the most appropriate method of collecting mass responses and as such, providing a good method of comparative analysis. The questionnaire will cover a number of data sources to find out opinions and views regarding the planning strategies required in risk exposure and fÑ–nà Ã‚ °ncÑ–Ã Ã‚ °l policy considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets. Designing good questionnaires requires significant skills and experience. The researcher embarks on the study by setting up survey questionna ires that address issues relevant to the interviews conducted. It is important to pilot or test the questionnaire as fully as possible before distributing them to the interviewees to fill them. A sample questionnaire is like the one shown in the appendices below. This questionnaire enabled elaborate information to be obtained from the players in the restaurant industry (Lam, 2003). Interviews In order to achieve the purpose of the investigation, the key focus lies on finding out which techniques should be applied. Interviews were the best method for understanding this research. A respondent interview is one where the interviewer directs the interview and the interviewer responds to the questions of the researcher. And to add more weight on this observation, Borodzicz, (2004). added that the standard survey interview is itself essentially faulted and that it therefore cannot serve as the ideal ideological model against which to assess other approaches. He Borodzicz, (2004).also elaborates by describing interviews as the verbal exchange of information between two or more people for the principal purpose of one person or group gathering information from the other. And that Semi structured interviews enable one to fix and control circumstances in order to collect appropriate data while remaining flexible and responsive (Borodzicz, 2004). In order to analyze the psychological and behavioral reasons for decisions of the sources, the collected primary data should be collected through the distribution of questionnaires. They however emphasized it is very important to note that questionnaires should reach the right people, to allow for an appropriate amount of information to be collected. Different types of interviews that the researchers may opt to apply to their studies. The three are inclusive of structured interviews, semi-structured interviews, and unstructured interviews. (Pritchard, 2005). Structured interviews consist of closed-ended questions, where the structure of the questions, responses and the interview itself is decided prior to the interview. The interviewer has more control over the responses, and can lead the interview into the direction they want. However, the responses received are limited. Semi-structured interviews consist of closed and/or open-ended questions, allowing the interviewer to have some control over the responses and the interview. Although the open-ended questions allow the interviewee to express themselves and encourage them to present their views and opinions. Unstructured interviews consist of open-ended questions that do not restrict the interviewees responses, therefore collecting a wide range of information. This kind of interview is more supple in-terms of the questions being asked and their ordering, all depending upon the interviewees responses. After considering these different types of interviews, Questionnaires are considered mor e useful for this study. This is necessary, as it allows gaining a deeper understanding of the participants views. In the usage of the interview the management of organizations in à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets were interviewed to get there view on how they operate (Silva, 1995). Data Analysis Process The process involves the researched applying reasoning in order to understand and interpret the data collected. In simple descriptive research, analysis may involve determining consistent patterns and summarizing the appropriate details revealed in the investigation (Zikmund, 2003, P. 73). Sectors of the market chosen to research and why you chose these sectors Use of research tools such as questionnaires, interviews, relevant journals, periodicals and data sampling and machines would be utilized in the process conducting the interview. Experts would be needed to conduct the research. In implementing the activities, both the quantitative and qualitative approaches was considered, where by qualitative data are those that would be based on the spoken words while the quantitative data would be generated from the overall data collected based of accuracy and efficiency The research project was scheduled to run for a period of one year and a few Months within which industries in à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets would be put under scrutiny and rigorous investigations to ascertain the objectives of the research. Research validity and reliability A debate about the findings of the preceding literatures on retail industry considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets inevitably includes a discussion of research, normally referring to the way in which the data were collected. This research being a phenomenological, all questions are related to theoretical characteristics discussed in literature preview. The process would therefore be accurate in collecting, analyzing and sampling data; hence the validity of result would be quite high. Considering that there are many different aspects of validity, which influence the validity of the research in general. Relationship between your research aim, research questions, research objectives and research methods. The methodology which was exploited here mainly through the questionnaires and the interviews were most appropriate as they enabled the most information to be obtained. Many respondents could be reached within a short period of time while sampling enabled a comparison to be carried out on the different organizations in à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets. They helped in the real understanding on retail industry considering the à Ã‚ °nà Ã‚ °lysÑ–s of à Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µrgÑ–ng markets has actually been carrying out its activities which have actually helped it in realizing a competitive in the market (Borodzicz, 2004). Anticipated Outcomes The retail industry in India is currently growing at a great pace and is expected to go up to US$ 833 billion by the year 2013. It is further expected to reach US$ 1.3 trillion by the year 2018. As the country has got a high growth rates, the consumer spending has also gone up and is also expected to go up further in the future. In the last four years, the consumer spending in India climbed up to 75%. As a result, the India retail industry is expected to grow further in the future days. Despite the fact that the Indian retail market is expected to grow but some challenges are still required to be addressed. These challenges include the deficiency of sufficient infrastructure amenities, elevated prices of real estate, divergence in consumer groups, tax structure, limitations in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), shortage of trained manpower and low retail management skills. The research will focus to highlight all the challenges being faced to the Indian retail market and to suggest the strategies and methodologies to cater these challenges. The effective management of above said challenges will not only enable to achieve the projected growth in the retail sector but will also enable to enhance the factor of consistency in growth. Appropriateness of triangulation to research The essence of applying triangulation is for the sake of indications of applicability of several methods (excess of two) in the course of the study in consideration of checking double or even triples results checking otherwise known as cross examination. The idea behind the concept is for the researcher to express a high degree of confidence in consideration of the results of diverse methods that give similar results. In case a single method was applied by the researcher, there is a higher tendency of believing that the results are valid. The application of more that a single method may result to a clash of the results. The application of about three methods attempting to derive an answer may lead to a similarity of answers from two out of the three methods used. In case of an occurrence of a crash there is then a need of reframing the question (HSE, 2006). Limitations of the research Limitations are usually present in every research and these limitations actually tarnish the results of the research. Certain limitations are also associated with this research. One of the biggest limitations of this research is lack of budget and lack of time. Besides that there are certain other limitations like the non-serious attitude of the respondents might tamper the entire results of the research. The interviews that will be conducted and the questionnaire cannot be fully utilized in this scenario because the respondents are not serious in their attitude when they are filling out the questionnaires or when they are giving the responses to the researcher. The lack of time given by the respondents can also be another limitation of this research. If the respondents have lesser time than it is highly probable that they might not take the research properly and ultimately the final results of the research would be affected in this scenario. Finally, it can be said that certain chun ks or sources of secondary research can also be treated as a limitation of the research. This is because of the fact that these sources are not valid or they are not updated therefore the data that is attained from these sources might affect the entire results of the research. Therefore, the researcher should take utmost care about all these constraints and try to minimize it.